Unit 1: Network Infrastructure
This will allow you to demonstrate your networking skills, knowledge, and abilities, with a focus on enterprise-level switching, routing, and multicast components that support cross-platform (inter)operability and integration with the most recent software-defined technologies.
The following timers are part of the Spanning Tree Protocol:
Hello: The time that elapses between each BPDU that is transmitted is referred to as this. The default setting for this is 2 seconds, but it can be adjusted anywhere from 1-10 seconds.
Forward Delay: This is the amount of time that is established for a port to be in a listening or learning state. Forward Delay is also known as Forward Delay. The default time for this is 15 seconds, but it can be adjusted anywhere from 4 to 30 seconds.
Max Age: This timer is responsible for determining the maximum amount of time that must elapse before a bridge port will save its BPDU information. It is referred to as the Max Age. This is set to 20 seconds by default, however it can be adjusted to anywhere between 6 and 40 seconds.
Message Age: This is not a fixed value; rather, it is a variable that indicates the amount of time that has elapsed since the root bridg initially generated the BPDU.
Additional Settings Timer determination using Spanning Tree:
- Diameter of the STP domain (dia) – One measure of a domain’s connectivity is its diameter, or the number of bridges that may connect any two sites inside it. According to IEEE standards, a maximum of 7 bridges using default timers should be used.
- Bridge Transit Delay (transit delay) – The time it takes for a bridge to receive and send the same frame is called the transit delay. Essentially, this is the time it takes for data to travel across the bridge. According to IEEE guidelines, the maximum time a bridge transit should take is 1 second.
- BPDU transmission delay (bpdu_delay) – BPDU transmission delay, abbreviated as bpdu_delay, is the amount of time that elapses between a port’s BPDU reception and the subsequent transmission of the configuration BPDU to an alternate port. Maximum BPDU transmission delay of 1 second is recommended by IEEE.
- Message Age increment overestimate (msg_overestimate) – Each bridge adds this number to the message age before sending a BPDU. It is called the “message age increment overestimate.” Before the BPDU is sent, Cisco switches add 1 second to the message age.
- Lost Message (lost_msg) – This is the maximum number of BPDUs that can be lost as the message travels through the network. IEEE tells us three is the most BPDUs that should be lost.
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