Any autonomous system’s network can be connected via this protocol with any topology. The only prerequisite is that each AS must have at least one BGP-capable router, which must be connected to at least one BGP router on another AS. The primary purpose of BGP is to provide network reachability data to other BGP systems. Border Gateway Protocol uses the data that is shared between BGP routers to create an autonomous systems graph.
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) has the following characteristics:
- Communication between two autonomous systems: This is the primary function of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which is responsible for inter-autonomous system configuration.
- There is support for the Next-Hop Paradigm in BGP.
- Communication and coordination between several BGP speakers operating within the autonomous system (AS).
- Path Information: Along with the location that can be reached and the next pair of destinations, BGP advertisements also include path information.
- Support for rules: BGP can set up rules that the administrator can change. A router that uses BGP can be set up to tell the difference between routes that are known within an AS and routes that are known from outside an AS.
- Runs Over TCP.
- Network Bandwidth is saved by BGP.
- BGP supports CIDR.
- Security is also supported by BGP.
The Border Gateway Protocol’s (BGP) functionality
The three tasks that BGP peers complete are listed below.
- Acquiring and authenticating initial peers is the first function. In order to ensure that both parties are willing to talk, the peers set up a TCP connection and exchanged messages.
- The primary emphasis of the second function is the transmission of reachability information, whether positive or negative.
- The final step is to make sure both the peers and the connection between them are working properly.
Border Gateway Protocol’s (BGP) importance
Security: BGP is quite secure since it filters out unwanted traffic by utilizing predefined passwords to authenticate messages between routers.
Scalability: Because BGP oversees a large number of networks and routes on the internet, it is more scalable.
Supports Multihoming: Multihoming is the ability for an organization to connect to numerous networks at once, made possible via BGP.
Calculate the Best Path: As data packets are known to move via the internet from source to destination, each system in the path between the two must determine the next location for the packet.
TCP/IP model: BGP uses the transport layer protocol to control the network layer. It is based on the TCP/IP model.
Various Forms of the Border Gateway Protocol
- External BGP: External Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP) is another name for this protocol, which is used to exchange routing information between routers in different autonomous systems. It is also known as External Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The picture that follows illustrates how eBGP trades routing information with one another.
Internal BGP: Additionally, there is Internal BGP, which is also known as iBGP, which is used to share routing information between routers in the same autonomous system. Internal routers also make sure that routers that share routing information work the same way every time. The picture below shows how iBGP shares information about routes.
Components of BGP
Each path has some BGP components allocated to it, which aid routers in choosing a way from several options.Here are a few BGP components:
- Weight: A Cisco-only attribute called “weight” tells a router which path is chosen. It is better to use the weight with a higher value.
- Originate: This describes the router’s route selection process and contributes to BGP.
- Local Preference: When deciding on an outbound routing path, one factor to consider is local preference. Higher local prefremce is always preferred.
- Autonomous System Path: This element instructs the router to choose a path that is shorter in length than the one it now uses.
- Next Hop: The parts that come after this one tell you which IP address to utilize as the next hop on your way to your destination.
The functions of BGP Route Information Management are:
- Route Storage: Every BGP keeps track of how to connect to other networks.
- Route Update: In this task, special methods are used to figure out when and how to use the data from peers to update the routes correctly.
- Route Selection: In order to select appropriate routes to each network on the internet network, BGP makes use of the information contained inside its route databases.
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